The Brighton treatment wetlands

The Town of Brighton, Ontario implemented a 6.2 ha marsh in 2000, for the purpose of improving water quality before discharge to receiving waters. The wetlands have successfully operated in this moderately cold climate for over ten years. Phosphorus removal of 2.3 gP/(m(2) yr) was achieved, with an annual areal rate coefficient of 9.2 m/yr. The removal is strongly seasonal, with the greatest reductions occurring in spring. The total nitrogen loading was dominated by ammonia (208 gN/(m(2) yr)), with smaller amounts of organic and oxidized nitrogen. Ammonia was reduced to 173 gN/(m(2) yr). Implied areal rate constants were high for mineralization of organic nitrogen (29 m/yr) and denitrification (101 m/yr), but low for nitrification (4 m/yr). CBOD5 was reduced from 5.4 to 3.2 mg/L, and TSS was reduced from 13.2 to 7.2 mg/L., both with slightly higher values during late winter. The wetland was not effective in reducing pathogens, with Escherichia coli at 167 cfu/100 ml entering, and 132 cfu/100 ml leaving. Vegetation was sparse, likely due to muskrats and deep water. Macro-invertebrate diversity was lower than for regional wetlands. Bird use was very high, and birding was a popular human activity. The wetland has been designated as provincially significant. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.