Journal
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
Volume 376, Issue -, Pages 155-164Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.06.022
Keywords
intraplate volcanism; thermochemical mantle plume; seismic resolution test; Hawaii; hotspot
Categories
Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [PBEZP2-127810]
- NSF [OCE-00-02819, EAR-1141938, 0855814]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PBEZP2-127810] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Earth Sciences [0855814] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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According to classical plume theory, purely thermal upwellings rise through the mantle, pond in a thin layer beneath the lithosphere, and generate hotspot volcanism. Neglected by this theory, however, are the dynamical effects of compositional heterogeneity carried by mantle plumes even though this heterogeneity has been commonly identified in sources of hotspot magmas. Numerical models predict that a hot, compositionally heterogeneous mantle plume containing a denser eclogite component tends to pool at similar to 300-410 km depth before rising to feed a shallower sublithospheric layer. This double-layered structure of a thermochemical plume is more consistent with seismic tomographic images at Hawaii than the classical plume model. The thermochemical structure as well as time dependence of plume material rising from the deeper into the shallower layer can further account for long-term fluctuations in volcanic activity and asymmetry in bathymetry, seismic structure, and magma chemistry across the hotspot track, as are observed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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