Journal
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
Volume 4, Issue 12, Pages 897-911Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/dta.1378
Keywords
endogenous steroids; doping control; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); steroid profile; gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS)
Funding
- World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
- United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA)
- United States Partnership for Clean Competition
- Federal Ministry of the German Interior
- Anti-Doping Research Program of the Australian Commonwealth Government
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The detection of steroids originating from synthetic precursors against a background of their chemically identical natural analogues has proven to be a significant challenge for doping control laboratories accredited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The complementary application of gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) has been demonstrated to provide specific detection of endogenous steroid misuse for improved anti-doping analysis. Markers of synthetically derived steroids are reviewed on the basis of abnormal urinary excretions and low 13C content. A combinatorial approach is presented for the interpretation of GC-MS and GC-C-IRMS data in the anti-doping context. This methodology can allow all relevant information concerning an individual's metabolism to be assessed in order to make an informed decision with respect to a doping violation. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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