Development of chitosan-based ondansetron buccal delivery system for the treatment of emesis

Background: For the buccal drug delivery, chitosan (CS) can be used to improve drug absorption and reduce application frequency and drug amount. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate mucoadhesive ondansetron buccal films for the treatment of emesis using CS as a mucoadhesive polymer. Methods: The film prepared by solvent casting method was comprised of ondansetron (approximately 65 mu g)-loaded mucoadhesive gels containing 1, 2 or 3% CS and impermeable backing layer. Rheological property of the gels, physiochemical properties of the films (weight, thickness, drug content, swelling ratio, adhesion time and mucoadhesive force) and in vitro ondansetron release profile from the films were determined to evaluate the formulation. The films containing 3% CS (diameter: 0.5 cm; thickness: 170 mu m) was selected as the novel formulation, and were used for the in vivo study. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of ondansetron with this film and oral solution were performed at the same dose in hamsters. Results: The mean values of T-max and C-max of the film and oral solution were similar. However, the half-life, mean residence time and AUC(0 24 h) of the film were about 1.7, 1.4 and 2.0-fold higher than those of the oral solution, respectively. The film showed enhanced bioavailability and prolonged efficacy compared to the oral solution. Conclusions: The mucoadhesive ondansetron buccal film may be a potential alternative to the marketed oral formulation, parenterals and solid suppositories with better patient compliance and higher bioavailability for the treatment of emesis.