Journal
DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY
Volume 38, Issue 5, Pages 571-576Publisher
INFORMA HEALTHCARE
DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.617753
Keywords
Prochlorperazine edisylate; iontophoresis; microneedles; transdermal; skin permeation
Categories
Funding
- California Northstate College of Pharmacy
- Auburn University
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This paper investigates the microneedle (MN) mediated in vitro transdermal iontophoretic delivery of prochlorperazine edisylate (PE) across dermatomed human skin. The Dermaroller (TM) induced microchannels were visualized using methylene blue staining and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro skin permeation studies were performed using vertical static Franz diffusion cells. Iontophoretic protocols involved application of direct current at a density of 0.4 mA/cm(2) using Ag as an anode and Ag/AgCl as a cathode. The effect of PE concentration (20, 50 and 100 mg/mL), number of passes of microneedles (0, 5, 10 and 20) on both iontophoretic and passive delivery of PE was studied. The Dermaroller (TM) was found to successfully breach the skin barrier and a linear relationship (r(2) = 0.99) was observed between the number of passes of the Dermaroller (TM) and the number of microchannels created. Passive transdermal flux of PE (0.060 +/- 0.003 mu g/cm(2)/h) at 50 mg/mL donor PE concentration) was low and increased (4.15 +/- 0.57 mu g/cm(2)/h) with the application of direct current. Application of iontophoresis in conjunction with microneedle pre-treatment resulted in enhanced flux (4.90 +/- 0.39 mu g/cm(2)/h at 50 mg/mL donor PE concentration) of PE. The projected transdermal PE flux indicates that a 9 cm(2) patch could deliver PE in a sufficient amount to maintain therapeutic levels of the drug. In conclusion, microneedles when used in conjunction with iontophoresis significantly enhanced the transdermal delivery of PE and it may be feasible to develop an iontophoretic transdermal patch that could be integrated with MN.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available