Journal
DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 35, Issue 2, Pages 178-183Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.589608
Keywords
Cyanide; toxicity; behavior; ammonia; urea; LC50; Tilapia mossambica
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The toxicity of sodium cyanide to the freshwater fish, Tilapia mossambica, was studied using the static bioassay method. The LC50 value at 96 hours was found to be 44.33 mu g/L (normal concentration is 25 mu g/L). Behavioral changes, when exposed to a lethal concentration of sodium cyanide, showed increased opercular movement, increased surface behavior, loss of equilibrium, change in body color, increased secretion of mucus, irregular swimming activity, rapid jerk movement, S jerk, partial jerk, and aggressiveness. A decrease in ammonia level of gill (67.56%), muscle (63.88%), and liver (53.29%) with increased levels in urea gill (75.83%), muscle (63.53%), and liver (107.49%) was observed in a lethal concentration of sodium cyanide at the end of day 4 of exposure. In a sublethal concentration (4.43 mu g/L), a decreasing trend in ammonia level continued up to day 15. Urea level at days 1 and 5 decreased on days 1 and 5, but increased on days 10 and 15.
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