Journal
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Volume 103, Issue 1-2, Pages 74-83Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.03.016
Keywords
Associative learning; Context-dependent; Opiate; Expectancy; Pain; Open field; Cocaine
Categories
Funding
- Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology
- [DA05010]
- [MH015795]
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Conditional responses in rodents such as locomotion have been reported for drugs of abuse and similar to the placebo response in humans, may be associated with the expectation of reward. We examined several conditional opioid-like responses and the influence of drug expectation on conditioned place preference and concomitant conditional locomotion. Male C57BL/6J mice were conditioned with the selective mu opioid receptor agonist fentanyl (0.2 nng/kg, i.p.) in a novel context and subsequently given a vehicle injection. In separate experiments, locomotor activity, Straub tail, hot plate sensitivity, and conditioned place preference (CPP) were measured. Mice exhibited multiple conditional opioid-like responses including conditional hyperlocomotion, a conditional pattern of opioid-like locomotion, Straub tail, analgesia, and place preference. Modulating drug expectation via administration of fentanyl to demonstrator mice in the home cage did not affect the expression of conditioned place preference or the concomitant locomotor activity in observer mice. In summary, Pavlovian conditioning of an opioid in a novel context induced multiple conditional opioid-like behaviors and provides a model for studying the neurobiological mechanisms of the placebo response in mice. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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