Journal
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
Volume 106, Issue -, Pages 71-78Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.10.003
Keywords
Pharmaceuticals; Sewage treatment plant (STP); Mass spectrometry; Predicted environmental concentration (PEC); Measured environmental concentration (MEC)
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Funding
- Fondazione Cariplo, Milano, Italy [2009-3468-2009-3513]
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A predictive approach is needed to study pharmaceuticals and their loads in the environment so as to restrict monitoring to the molecules most likely to occur widely. A three steps method has been developed for this purpose. The first step is to establish the Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs) following the approach proposed by the European Medicines Agency (EMA); then the list is refined taking account of metabolic rates and excretion of the parent compounds in humans. In the third stage the substances are sorted according to their fate in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Finally, the results are compared with real concentrations of the pharmaceuticals in surface waters analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS techniques. This paper reports results of this predictive approach in 2013 for Italy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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