Achilles tendon problems: Not just an orthopaedic issue

Purpose. To review the current concepts on Achilles tendon involvement in various pathological conditions. Method. A literature search was conducted to trace relevant literature on Achilles tendon problems in general pathologies. Results. The Achilles tendon can be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, genetically determined collagen abnormalities, infectious diseases, tumours, and neurological conditions which are not of a primary surgical nature. Conclusions. Although Achilles tendon problems are classically considered frequent in active individuals from overuse or a single acute episode, problems in the Achilles tendon can be a consequence of several conditions.