Expression of Liver X Receptor Correlates with Intrahepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background Liver X receptor (LXR) is an oxysterol-activated nuclear receptor involved in the control of major metabolic pathways for cholesterol homeostasis and lipogenesis. Although the role of LXR in hepatic steatosis is well known, its correlation with intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis has not been thoroughly studied. We investigated the association between LXR alpha, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as its correlation with other intrahepatic lipid transporters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods We evaluated clinical characteristics including sex, age, body mass index, and laboratory findings from 40 NAFLD and 16 control patients. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on liver biopsy samples from all patients. Results The positive rate of LXR alpha expression was 30 % in the control group, 50 % in the NAFLD group, and 97 % in NASH groups. LXR alpha expression was positively correlated with not only the amount of intrahepatic fat, but also with intrahepatic inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. LXR alpha expression showed positive correlation with intrahepatic expression of ABCG5/8, CD36, and SREBP-1c. The expression of ABCA1, ABCG5/8, SREBP-1c, and CD36 was higher in NAFLD than in controls and there was no further increase in the NASH group. NPC1L1 was abundant in human liver. Expression of NPC1L1 was negatively correlated with intrahepatic inflammation and LXR alpha intensity. Conclusion LXR expression correlated with the degree of hepatic fat deposition, as well as with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD patients. Our research suggests that LXR is an attractive target for treatment and regulation of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.