Journal
DIABETOLOGIA
Volume 55, Issue 5, Pages 1505-1513Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2485-5
Keywords
Chronic kidney disease; Diabetic kidney disease; Diabetic nephropathy; GFR; Glomerular filtration rate; Hyperfiltration; Microalbuminuria; Normoalbuminuria; Progressive nephropathy; Type 1 diabetes
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Funding
- Folkhalsan Research Foundation
- Wilhelm and Else Stockmann Foundation
- Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- European Commission
- Medicinska understodsforeningen Liv och Halsa
- Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation
- Waldemar von Frenckell Foundation
- EVO governmental grants
- NIH
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Aims/hypothesis Hyperfiltration is widely regarded as a contributing factor to the development of microalbuminuria and progressive nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. However, recent studies have questioned this conclusion. Methods To address this conflicting evidence, we examined the association between hyperfiltration and progression to microalbuminuria in 2,318 adults with type 1 diabetes. We also compared the estimated GFR in our diabetic patients with rates observed in 6,247 adults from the Finnish general population, using age- and sex-specific z scores. Results The distribution of estimated GFR in adults with type 1 diabetes and normoalbuminuria was not significantly different from that expected in the general population (p=0.51, Mann-Whitney test). Type 1 diabetic patients with a higher estimated GFR were also no more likely to develop microalbuminuria over a median of 5.2 years of follow-up than those with normal estimated GFR. This was the case regardless of whether hyperfiltration was defined by an absolute threshold, deciles of estimated GFR or a z score, using creatinine-or cystatin-based clearance formulas in men or in women. Conclusions/interpretation Together with other studies, these data suggest that creatinine- or cystatin-based estimates of GFR do not predict the development of microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes. Moreover, in the absence of incipient or overt nephropathy, conventionally determined renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes appears no different from that in the general population. This is hardly surprising, given that these individuals, by all definitions, do not have kidney disease.
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