Journal
DIABETOLOGIA
Volume 52, Issue 12, Pages 2489-2498Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1536-z
Keywords
Diabetes; Insulin secretion; Metabolism; NADPH oxidase; Pancreatic beta cells; Reactive oxygen species; Review
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Funding
- The Health Research Board of Ireland and Enterprise Ireland
- The State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil
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It is now widely accepted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to cell and tissue dysfunction and damage in diabetes. The source of ROS in the insulin secreting pancreatic beta cells has traditionally been considered to be the mitochondrial electron transport chain. While this source is undoubtedly important, we fully describe in this article recent information and evidence of NADPH oxidase-dependent generation of ROS in pancreatic beta cells and identify the various isoforms that contribute to O (2) (aEuro cent a') and H(2)O(2) production in various conditions. While glucose-stimulated ROS generation may be important for acute regulation of insulin secretion, at higher levels ROS may disrupt mitochondrial energy metabolism. However, ROS may alter other cellular processes such as signal transduction, ion fluxes and/or cell proliferation/death. The various beta cell isoforms of NADPH oxidase (described in this review) may, via differences in the kinetics and species of ROS generated, positively and negatively regulate insulin secretion and cell survival.
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