Journal
DIABETES CARE
Volume 37, Issue 8, Pages 2343-2350Publisher
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2817
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Funding
- Kissei Pharma
- Sanofi
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.
- MSD
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Eli Lilly
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals
- Dainippon Sumitomo
- Novo Nordisk Pharma
- Daiichi Sankyo
- Kowa
- Mochida
- Sanwakagaku
- Novartis
- Tanabe Mitsubishi
- Telmo
- Sanofi Aventis
- Roche
- Ono
- Yakult Honsha Co. Ltd.
- Ono Pharmaceutical Co.
- Sanwakagaku Kenkyusho
- Daiichi Sankyo Inc.
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals
- Kowa Co.
- Pfizer
- Mochida Pharmaceutical Co.
- Terumo Corporation
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma
- Shionogi Pharma
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma
- AstraZeneca
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OBJECTIVE Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota are an important modifier of obesity and diabetes. However, so far there is no information on gut microbiota and live gut bacteria in the systemic circulation of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using a sensitive reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method, we determined the composition of fecal gut microbiota in 50 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 control subjects, and its association with various clinical parameters, including inflammatory markers. We also analyzed the presence of gut bacteria in blood samples. RESULTS The counts of the Clostridium coccoides group, Atopobium cluster, and Prevotella (obligate anaerobes) were significantly lower (P < 0.05), while the counts of total Lactobacillus (facultative anaerobes) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fecal samples of diabetic patients than in those of control subjects. Especially, the counts of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum subgroups were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Gut bacteria were detected in blood at a significantly higher rate in diabetic patients than in control subjects (28% vs. 4%, P < 0.01), and most of these bacteria were Gram-positive. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of gut dysbiosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes as assessed by RT-qPCR. The high rate of gut bacteria in the circulation suggests translocation of bacteria from the gut to the bloodstream.
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