Journal
DIABETES CARE
Volume 36, Issue 11, Pages 3732-3738Publisher
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/dc13-0800
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Funding
- Academy of Finland
- Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Foundation
- Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation
- University of Oulu, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital [5263]
- Responding to Public Health Challenges Research Programme
- Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12013/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MC_UU_12013/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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OBJECTIVEWe investigated the association of fasting serum glycerol and fatty acids (FAs) as predictors for worsening of hyperglycemia and incident type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSCross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the population-based METabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) Study included 9,398 Finnish men (mean age 57 7 years). At baseline, levels of serum glycerol, free FAs (FFAs), and serum FA profile, relative to total FAs, were measured with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.RESULTSAt baseline, levels of glycerol, FFAs, monounsaturated FAs, saturated FAs, and monounsaturated n-7 and -9 FAs, relative to total FAs, were increased in categories of fasting and 2-h hyperglycemia, whereas the levels of n-3 and n-6 FAs, relative to total FAs, decreased (N = 9,398). Among 4,335 men with 4.5-year follow-up data available, 276 developed type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels of glycerol, FFAs, monounsaturated FAs, and saturated and monounsaturated n-7 and -9 FAs, relative to total FAs, predicted worsening of hyperglycemia and development of incident type 2 diabetes after adjustment for confounding factors. n-6 FAs, mainly linoleic acid (LA), relative to total FAs, were associated with reduced risk for the worsening of hyperglycemia and conversion to type 2 diabetes.CONCLUSIONSOur large population-based study shows that fasting serum levels of glycerol, FFAs, monounsaturated FAs, saturated FAs, and n-7 and -9 FAs are biomarkers for an increased risk of development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes, whereas high levels of serum n-6 FAs, reflecting dietary intake of LA, were associated with reduced risk for hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes.
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