Journal
DIABETES
Volume 63, Issue 12, Pages 4115-4129Publisher
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/db13-1860
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Funding
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
- Australian Research Council [LX0989791]
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [606763]
- Swedish Society for Medical Research
- Henning and Johan Throne-Holst Foundation
- NHMRC [519461, 545952]
- Ventenskapsradet-Medicin (VR-M) from the Swedish Research Council
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- Stiftelsen Svenska Diabetesforbundets Forskningsfond
- Magnus Bergvall Foundation
- Carl Tryggers Foundation
- Australian Research Council [LX0989791] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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There is an increasing worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes that poses major health problems. We have identified a novel physiological system that increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle but not in white adipocytes. Activation of this system improves glucose tolerance in Goto-Kakizaki rats or mice fed a high-fat diet, which are established models for type 2 diabetes. The pathway involves activation of beta(2)-adrenoceptors that increase cAMP levels and activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which phosphorylates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) at S2481. The active mTORC2 causes translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake without the involvement of Akt or AS160. Stimulation of glucose uptake into skeletal muscle after activation of the sympathetic nervous system is likely to be of high physiological relevance because mTORC2 activation was observed at the cellular, tissue, and whole-animal level in rodent and human systems. This signaling pathway provides new opportunities for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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