Journal
DIABETES
Volume 60, Issue 12, Pages 3256-3264Publisher
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/db11-0506
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [5R01-DK073843-03, DK-60754, DK-62218-01A1, P30-DK-36836]
- Herbert Graetz Fund
- [5M01-RR001032-32]
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OBJECTIVE-To investigate the effects of acute hypoglycemia on working memory and brain function in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging during euglycemic (5.0 nunol/L) and hypoglycemic (2.8 mmol/L) hyperinsulinemic clamps, we compared brain activation response to a working-memory task (WMT) in type 1 diabetic subjects (n = 16) with that in age-matched nondiabetic control subjects (n = 16). Behavioral performance was assessed by percent correct responses. RESULTS-During euglycemia, the WMT activated the bilateral frontal and parietal cortices, insula, thalamus, and cerebellum in both groups. During hypoglycemia, activation decreased in both groups but remained 80% larger in type 1 diabetic versus control subjects (P < 0.05). In type 1 diabetic subjects, higher HbA(1c) was associated with lower activation in the right parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala (R-2 = 0.45, P < 0.002). Deactivation of the default-mode network (DMN) also was seen in both groups during euglycemia. However, during hypoglycemia, type 1 diabetic patients deactivated the DMN 70% less than control subjects (P < 0.05). Behavioral performance did not differ between glycemic conditions or groups. CONCLUSIONS-BOLD activation was increased and deactivation was decreased in type 1 diabetic versus control subjects during hypoglycemia. This higher level of brain activation required by type 1 diabetic subjects to attain the same level of cognitive performance as control subjects suggests reduced cerebral efficiency in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 60:3256-3264, 2011
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