Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
Volume 242, Issue 8, Pages 909-922Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23992
Keywords
craniofacial development; intramembranous ossification; vascular invasion
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [BCS-1061554, BCS-0725227]
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act [R01DE018500, 3R01DE018500-02S1, R01DE022988]
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Background: Angiogenesis is likely critical for the process of intramembranous osteogenesis; however, the developmental relationship between blood vessels and bone mineralization is not well studied within intramembranous bones. Given its importance, changes in angiogenesis regulation are likely to contribute to evolutionarily and medically relevant craniofacial variation. Results: We summarize what is known about the association between angiogenesis and intramembranous osteogenesis, supplementing with information from the better-studied processes of endochondral ossification and distraction osteogenesis. Based on this review, we introduce a model of angiogenesis during early intramembranous osteogenesis as well as a series of null hypotheses to be tested. Conclusions: This model can serve as a basis of future research on the spatio-temporal association and regulatory interactions of mesenchymal, vascular, and bone cells, which will be required to illuminate the potential effects of angiogenesis dysregulation on craniofacial skeletal phenotypes. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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