4.7 Article

An Ankyrin Repeat Domain of AKR2 Drives Chloroplast Targeting through Coincident Binding of Two Chloroplast Lipids

Journal

DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
Volume 30, Issue 5, Pages 598-609

Publisher

CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.026

Keywords

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Funding

  1. BK21 Plus - Ministry of Education, Korea [10Z20130012243]
  2. National Research Foundation [2013070270, 2012004028, 2012054226, 20120008833]
  3. Ministry of Science, Technology and Future Planning (Korea)
  4. Rising Star Program, POSTECH
  5. Korean RDA Grant BioGreen21 [PJ009525]
  6. NIH [GM68849, GM30518]

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In organellogenesis of the chloroplast from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, the establishment of protein-targeting mechanisms to the chloroplast should have been pivotal. However, it is still mysterious how these mechanisms were established and how they work in plant cells. Here we show that AKR2A, the cytosolic targeting factor for chloroplast outer membrane (COM) proteins, evolved from the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) of the host cell by stepwise extensions of its N-terminal domain and that two lipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), of the endosymbiont were selected to function as the AKR2A receptor. Structural analysis, molecular modeling, and mutational analysis of the ARD identified two adjacent sites for coincidental and synergistic binding of MGDG and PG. Based on these findings, we propose that the targeting mechanism of COM proteins was established using components from both the endosymbiont and host cell through a modification of the protein-protein-interacting ARD into a lipid binding domain.

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