Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
Volume 31, Issue 6, Pages 747-760Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.10.024
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Funding
- HHMI
- NIH [GM083035, GM110155, U01EB018816, GM088987]
- National Science Foundation [1133476]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1133476] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Chemotaxis, migration toward soluble chemical cues, is critical for processes such as wound healing and immune surveillance and is exhibited by various cell types, from rapidly migrating leukocytes to slow-moving mesenchymal cells. To study mesenchymal chemotaxis, we observed cell migration in microfluidic chambers that generate stable gradients of platelet-derived growth factor ( PDGF). Surprisingly, we found that pathways implicated in amoeboid chemotaxis, such as PI3K and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, are dispensable for PDGF chemotaxis. Instead, we find that local inactivation of Myosin IIA, through a noncanonical Ser1/2 phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain, is essential. This site is phosphorylated by PKC alpha, which is activated by an intracellular gradient of diacylglycerol generated by PLC gamma. Using a combination of live imaging and gradients of activators/inhibitors in the microfluidic chambers, we demonstrate that this signaling pathway and subsequent inhibition of Myosin II activity at the leading edge are required for mesenchymal chemotaxis.
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