Design Principles of Protein Biosynthesis-Coupled Quality Control

The protein biosynthetic machinery, composed of ribosomes, chaperones, and localization factors, is increasingly found to interact directly with factors dedicated to protein degradation. The coupling of these two opposing processes facilitates quality control of nascent polypeptides at each stage of their maturation. Sequential checkpoints maximize the overall fidelity of protein maturation, minimize the exposure of defective products to the bulk cellular environment, and protect organisms from protein misfolding diseases.