Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 39, Issue 3, Pages 147-153Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.10.014
Keywords
Insect cytokine; Nitric oxide; Innate immunity; Antimicrobial peptides; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [2110519]
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation
- Genome Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd.
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [12J11042, 24689008] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Insect cytokine paralytic peptide (PP) upregulates the expression of immune-related genes and contributes to host defense in the silkworm Bombyx mori. The present findings demonstrated that PP promotes nitric oxide (NO) production and induces the expression of NO synthase. A pharmacologic NO synthase inhibitor suppressed the PP-dependent (i) induction of immune-related genes, (ii) activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and (iii) killing delay of silkworm larvae by Staphylococcus aureus. The upstream mechanism of NO synthesis in insect immunity has been unknown, and the present results suggest for the first time that an insect cytokine induces NO and contributes to self-defense. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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