Journal
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 80, Issue 5, Pages 2724-2732Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jo502901h
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC 21202101, 51372154]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Y15B020012]
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province [AE201306]
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Surface-modified titanium dioxides by highly dispersed NiO particles have an extended absorption in the visible light region and a reduced hole-electron pair recombination than unmodified TiO2. They have now been successfully applied as highly active heterogeneous photocatalysts in the visible light mediated direct cyclization of tertiary anilines with maleimides to give tetrahydroquinoline products in moderate to high yields at ambient temperature. In contrast with unmodified titanium dioxide catalysts that are conventionally used in a stoichiometric amount in combination with UVA light, only a catalytic amount (1 mol %) of the surface-modified TiO2 catalyst is needed along with visible light to efficiently catalyze the reaction. Compared with transition-metal complexes such as Ru(bpy)(3)Cl-2 or Ir(ppy)(2)(dtbbpy)PF6, advantages of these surface-modified titanium dioxides as photocatalyst include high catalytic activity, low cost, ease of recovering, and being able to be used for at least nine times without significant decay of catalytic activity.
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