Journal
DEVELOPMENT
Volume 141, Issue 24, Pages 4649-4655Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.107318
Keywords
Body plan; Evo-devo; Evolution; Hourglass model; Phylotype; Transcriptome
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [22128003, 22128001]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [24570243, 22128003, 22128001] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The hourglass model of embryonic evolution predicts an hourglass-like divergence during animal embryogenesis - with embryos being more divergent at the earliest and latest stages but conserved during a mid-embryonic (phylotypic) period that serves as a source of the basic body plan for animals within a phylum. Morphological observations have suggested hourglass-like divergence in various vertebrate and invertebrate groups, and recent molecular data support this model. However, further investigation is required to determine whether the phylotypic period represents a basic body plan for each animal phylum, and whether this principle might apply at higher taxonomic levels. Here, we discuss the relationship between the basic body plan and the phylotypic stage, and address the possible mechanisms that underlie hourglass-like divergence.
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