Journal
DEVELOPMENT
Volume 141, Issue 6, Pages 1184-1196Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.098285
Keywords
Muscle regeneration; Macrophage phenotype; Signaling systems
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, USA
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Much of the focus in muscle regeneration has been placed on the identification and delivery of stem cells to promote regenerative capacity. As those efforts have advanced, we have learned that complex features of the microenvironment in which regeneration occurs can determine success or failure. The immune system is an important contributor to that complexity and can determine the extent to which muscle regeneration succeeds. Immune cells of the myeloid lineage play major regulatory roles in tissue regeneration through two general, inductive mechanisms: instructive mechanisms that act directly on muscle cells; and permissive mechanisms that act indirectly to influence regeneration by modulating angiogenesis and fibrosis. In this article, recent discoveries that identify inductive actions of specific populations of myeloid cells on muscle regeneration are presented, with an emphasis on how processes in muscle and myeloid cells are co-regulated.
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