Journal
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume 81, Issue 2, Pages 404-414Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01997
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [CHE 1152357]
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) [CTQ2013-48937-C2-2P]
- Ministerio de Educacion (MECD)
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Chemistry [1464906] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Chemistry
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1152357] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The ongoing controversy whether cyclization reactions of conjugated allenes or ketenes follow a pericyclic or a pseudopericyclic mechanism has triggered dozens of investigations, which have led to new valuable synthetic routes. In this work, the mechanism of 10 representative cyclization reactions of hepta-1,2,4,6-tetraenes with different terminal groups is investigated utilizing the unified reaction valley approach that registers all electronic structure changes of the target molecule along the entire reaction pathway. A clear differentiation between a purely pericyclic and a purely pseudopericyclic mechanism is established. Additionally, it is found that, by using suitable functional groups, a pericyclic mechanism can be converted into a pseudopericyclic one, which is associated with a steady decrease of the reaction barrier and a continuous change from one mechanism to the other. The energetics of the reaction are confirmed by coupled cluster calculations of the CCSD(T) type. The mechanistic insight gained is used to design new pseudopericyclic reactions with low or no barrier, which will open new synthetic avenues.
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