Journal
DESALINATION
Volume 318, Issue -, Pages 9-18Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2013.03.020
Keywords
Desalination; saline water; electrodialysis; bipolar membranes
Categories
Funding
- Environmental and Energy Innovation Platform (Het Milieu- en energietechnologie Innovatie Platform, MIP, Flemish Government) [110293]
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The removal of salts from industrial effluents by sustainable techniques is of great interest to many companies. In this study, an industrial saline water, mainly composed of NaCl and KCl, was treated with conventional electrodialysis (ED) and bipolar membrane electrodialysis (EDBM) on lab-scale. The saline water also contained significant amounts of sulfate and calcium, which may give rise to various types of scaling. A partial desalination (target was a removal of 50% of the chlorides) was easily achieved with both ED and EDBM. By using ED, a concentrate containing circa 2 M of chlorides was obtained. The formation of scaling was avoided by using monovalent selective anion- and cation-exchange membranes, which was particularly necessary to avoid CaSO4 scaling. A further improvement was obtained by applying EDBM, which yielded an acid and a base stream with a concentration of around 2 M, with a relatively good purity. From the initial lab-scale study it was concluded that both ED and EDBM are technologically feasible to desalinate the saline water. In a second phase, the ED scenario was scaled up in a pilot scale study, which demonstrated that the ED pilot plant was operated in a stable way during a long-term experiment. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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