Journal
DENTAL MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 10, Pages 1161-1171Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.008
Keywords
Pen-implant biofilm; Zirconium; Titanium; Hydroxyapatite; LTSEM; CLSM; qPCR
Funding
- CDTI (Center for the Development of Industrial Technology) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
- company Dentaid (Barcelona, Spain) [332/2011]
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Objectives. The impact of implant surfaces in dental biofilm development is presently unknown. The aim of this investigation was to assess in vitro the development of a complex biofilm model on titanium and zirconium implant surfaces, and to compare it with the same biofilm formed on hydroxyapatite surface. Methods. Six standard reference strains were used to develop an in vitro biofilm over sterile titanium, zirconium and hydroxyapatite discs, coated with saliva within the wells of pre-sterilized polystyrene tissue culture plates. The selected species used represent initial (Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii), early (Veillonella parvula), secondary (Fusobacterium nucleatum) and late colonizers (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). The developed biofilms (growth time 1 to 120h) were studied with confocal laser scanning microscopy using a vital fluorescence technique and with lowtemperature scanning electron microscopy. The number (colony forming units/biofilm) and kinetics of the bacteria within the biofilm were studied with quantitative PCR (qPCR). As outcome variables, the biofilm thickness, the percentage of cell vitality and the number of bacteria were compared using the analysis of variance. Results. The bacteria adhered and matured within the biofilm over the three surfaces with similar dynamics. Different surfaces, however, demonstrated differences both in the thickness, deposition of the extracellular polysaccharide matrix as well as in the organization of the bacterial cells. Signcance. While the formation and dynamics of an in vitro biofilm model was similar irrespective of the surface of inoculation (hydroxyapatite, titanium or zirconium), there were significant differences in regards to the biofilm thickness and three-dimensional structure. (C) 2014 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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