Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 4465-4474Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01060
Keywords
neural interfaces; soft neural microelectrodes; carbon nanotube fibers; multifunctional microelectrodes; ultrasmall neural probes; long-term recordings; single-neuron isolation; deep brain stimulation; brain-machine interfaces
Categories
Funding
- Welch Foundation [C-1668]
- National Science Foundation [CBET-1351692]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0590]
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr
- Div Of Information & Intelligent Systems [1406447] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1351692] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The development of microelectrodes capable of safely stimulating and recording neural activity is a critical step in the design of many prosthetic devices, brain-machine interfaces, and therapies for neurologic or nervous-system-mediated disorders. Metal electrodes are inadequate prospects for the miniaturization needed to attain neuronal-scale stimulation and recording because of their poor electrochemical properties, high stiffness, and propensity to fail due to bending fatigue. Here we demonstrate neural recording and stimulation using carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber electrodes. In vitro characterization shows that the tissue contact impedance of CNT fibers is remarkably lower than that of state-of-the-art metal electrodes, making them suitable for recording single-neuron activity without additional surface treatments. In vivo chronic studies in parkinsonian rodents show that CNT fiber microelectrodes stimulate neurons as effectively as metal electrodes with 10 times larger surface area, while eliciting a significantly reduced inflammatory response. The same CNT fiber microelectrodes can record neural activity for weeks, paving the way for the development of novel multifunctional and dynamic neural interfaces with long-term stability.
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