SnO2 nanowall-arrays coated with rutile-TiO2 nanoneedles for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells

A novel architecture of SnO2 nanowall-arrays coated with rutile-TiO2 nanoneedles is fabricated for the first time and envisaged in dye-sensitized solar cells. Devices constructed using these architectures showed a power conversion efficiency of 4.12%, which is the highest among the SnO2 nanostructures grown on conducting substrates by wet chemical methods.