Journal
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages 533-541Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.06.002
Keywords
TLR; Tyrosine phosphorylation; Protein tyrosine kinases; EGFR; Src
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [AI073303, CA068782, CA062220]
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There is a wealth of knowledge about how different Ser/Thr protein kinases participate in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. In many cases, we know the identities of the Ser/Thr residues of various components of the TLR-signaling pathways that are phosphorylated, the functional consequences of the phosphorylation and the responsible protein kinases. In contrast, the analysis of Tyr-phosphorylation of TLRs and their signaling proteins is currently incomplete, because several existing analyses are not systematic or they do not rely on robust experimental data. Nevertheless, it is clear that many TLRs require, for signaling, ligand-dependent phosphorylation of specific Tyr residues in their cytoplasmic domains; the list includes TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR8 and TLR9. In this article, we discuss the current status of knowledge of the effect of Tyr-phosphorylation of TLRs and their signaling proteins on their biochemical and biological functions, the possible identities of the relevant protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and the nature of regulations of PTK-mediated activation of TLR signaling pathways. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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