Journal
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
Volume 20, Issue 2, Pages 185-191Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.02.002
Keywords
IL-21; IL-21R; Cytokines; IBD; Common-gamma chain
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Funding
- Eli and Edythe L Broad Foundation
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, Rome
- Giuliani SpA, Milan, Italy
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Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is produced mostly by activated CD4+ T cells and controls the differentiation and functional activity of effector T helper cells, counteracts the suppressive effects of regulatory T cells, and stimulates non-immune cells to make inflammatory mediators. IL-21-driven tissue damage has been demonstrated in a number of organs, such as the gut, pancreas, and brain. Therefore new treatment modalities to neutralise IL-21 in vivo would be a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium to combat immune-mediated inflammation. Here we describe the emerging role of IL-21 in the initiation and progress of the tissue-damaging inflammatory response in immune-mediated pathologies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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