Journal
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
Volume 19, Issue 1, Pages 3-19Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.10.006
Keywords
plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC); IFN-alpha; natural IFN producing cells (NIPC); CpG; virus
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR022411, S10 RR022411-01A1] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI026806, R01 AI026806-13, AI26806] Funding Source: Medline
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It has been 50 years since the initial descriptions of what are now known as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and type I IFN. pDC, which are infrequent cells found in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs, are the most potent producers of type I and type III IFNs in the body. pDC produce IFN-alpha in response to both DNA and RNA enveloped viruses by virtue of their ribonucleic acids signaling in the endosome through TLR9 and TLR7, respectively. This stimulation, which also occurs with DNA or RNA-containing immune complexes and synthetic TLR7 and -9 agonists, is dependent upon the transcription factor IRF-7, which is expressed at high constitutive levels in pDC. In addition to releasing as much as 3-10 pg of IFN-alpha/cell, pDC are also potent modulators of the immune response. In this review, we discuss the signaling pathways in pDC, their roles in linking innate and adaptive immunity, and their roles in infectious disease and autoimmunity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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