Cytokine profiles in acute myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis: Survival is inversely correlated with IL-6 and directly correlated with IL-10 levels

Background: Several evidences support the existence of cytokine deregulation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients that may be associated with pathogenesis, disease progression and patient survival. Methods: In the present study, we analyzed plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in AML patients and age-matched healthy donors. TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-17A, IL-12p70, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-5 were analyzed using fluorescent bead-based technology and TGF-beta by ELISA technique. Because age-associated differences in cytokine profiles have been described, patients and healthy individuals were divided into two age groups: up to 65 years and over 65 years. Results: Our results showed that plasma TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were higher in AML patients from both groups of age. IL-8 was increased in AML patients less than 65 years while the plasma concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12p70 were significantly higher only in elderly AML patients compared with aged-matched healthy controls. Moreover, plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were associated with patient survival and event-free survival. Conclusions: An aberrant production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is observed in AML patients. Low levels of IL-6 and high levels of IL-10 represent favorable prognostic factors for survival in AML patients. These results support the idea that cytokine deregulation may be useful as a marker for predicting clinical evolution in AML patients. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.