Journal
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
Volume 412, Issue -, Pages 16-23Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.01.003
Keywords
PVDF; Porous membranes; Solvent casting; Phase diagram; Mesoscale simulation
Funding
- FEDER through the COMPETE Program
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [PEST-C/FIS/UI607/2013, PEST-C/QUI/UI0686/2013, PTDC/CTM-NAN/112574/2009]
- FCT [SFRH/BD/62507/2009, SFRH/BD/68499/2010]
- COST Action MP1003
- Matepro Optimizing Materials and Processes [NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000037]
- Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-O Novo Norte), under the Quadro de Referencia Estrategico Nacional(QREN), through the Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)
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Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, films and membranes were prepared by solvent casting from dimethylformamide, DMF, by systematically varying polymer/solvent ratio and solvent evaporation temperature. The effect of the processing conditions on the morphology, degree of porosity, mechanical and thermal properties and crystalline phase of the polymer was evaluated. The obtained microstructure is explained by the Flory-Huggins theory. For the binary system, the porous membrane formation is attributed to a spinodal decomposition of the liquid-liquid phase separation. The morphological features were simulated through the correlation between the Gibbs total free energy and the Flory-Huggins theory. This correlation allowed the calculation of the PVDF/DMF phase diagram and the evolution of the microstructure in different regions of the phase diagram. Varying preparation conditions allow tailoring polymer microstructure while maintaining a high degree of crystallinity and a large beta crystalline phase content. Further, the membranes show adequate mechanical properties for applications in filtration or battery separator membranes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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