4.5 Review

Ghrelin and Motilin in the Gastrointestinal System

Journal

CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN
Volume 18, Issue 31, Pages 4755-4765

Publisher

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/138161212803216915

Keywords

Adiposity; anorexia; appetite; cachexia; gastrointestinal; ghrelin; ileus; inflammation; motilin; motility

Funding

  1. Taipei Veterans General Hospitals, Taipei, Taiwan [VGH 93-217, V97C1-065, V98C1-046]
  2. National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Human ghrelin and human motilin, belonging to the ghrelin/motilin-related peptide family, share 36% amino acid sequence identity, while the human ghrelin receptor exhibits a remarkable 50% overall identity with the human motilin receptor. In addition to their structural resemblance, ghrelin and motilin are the only two mammalian hormones known to decrease in the postprandial period. Ghrelin and motilin participate in initiating the migrating motor complex in the stomach, and stimulate gastrointestinal motility, accelerate gastric emptying, and induce gastric hunger. In addition to modulating the release of growth hormone and gut motility, ghrelin plays a crucial role in the secretion and protection of the stomach and colon. Ghrelin mimetics and motilin agonists are currently being developed to reverse gastrointestinal hypomotility disorders. With additional appetite-enhancing, adiposity-promoting, and anti-inflammatory effects, ghrelin and rikkunshito (a traditional Japanese herb enhancing acyl ghrelin signaling) are superior to motilin in the treatment of cancer-related anorexia and cachexia, post-chemotherapy symptoms, rheumatological diseases, age-related frailty, as well as post-operative, septic, and post-burn gut ileus.

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