Journal
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN
Volume 14, Issue 16, Pages 1620-1624Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/138161208784705450
Keywords
spinal cord injury; blood-brain barrier; cytokines; neurotrophins; TNF; LIF
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Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [DK54880, R01 DK054880, R56 DK054880] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS046528, NS45751, R01 NS045751, R01 NS062291, R01 NS046528-05, NS46528, R01 NS045751-05] Funding Source: Medline
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces dynamic changes of the blood-spinal cord barrier and even the more distant blood-brain barrier. Besides an immediate increase of paracellular permeability resulting from the direct impact of the injury, the transport systems for selective cytokines undergo regulatory changes. Since many of the transported molecules play essential roles in neuroregeneration, we propose that this altered peripheral tissue / CNS interaction benefits remodeling of the spinal cord and functional recovery after SCI. This review examines the transport of cytokines and neurotrophic factors into the spinal cord, emphasizing the upregulation of two cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) - during the course of SCI. The increased transport of TNF and LIF after SCI remains saturable and does not coincide with generalized BBB disruption, highlighting a pivotal regulatory role for the blood-spinal cord barrier.
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