Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 585-592Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.10.008
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01-GM46951]
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Chloroplasts contain several thousand different proteins, of which more than 95% are encoded on nuclear genes, synthesized in the cytosol as precursor proteins, and imported into the organelle. The major pathways for import and routing have been described; a general import apparatus in the chloroplast envelope and several ancestral translocases in the thylakoid membranes. In this update we focus on some interesting and emerging areas: the Tat translocase, which operates in parallel with the Sec system but transports folded proteins; different routes to the envelope membranes, which promises an understanding of the ways the Tic apparatus sorts transmembrane domains (TMDs) and may also uncover developmental relationships between envelope and thylakoids; and novel routes for proteins into chloroplasts including delivery from the secretory system.
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