Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY & HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Volume 17, Issue 5, Pages 388-393Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283303472
Keywords
cadherins; deafness; hair cells; hearing; inherited deafness; mechanoelectrical transduction; tip links
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Funding
- NIDCD, NIH
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Purpose of review Tip links are thought to be an essential element of the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) apparatus in sensory hair cells of the inner ear. The molecules that form tip links have recently been identified, and the analysis of their properties has not only changed our view of MET but also suggests that tip-link defects can cause hearing loss. Recent findings Structural, histological and biochemical studies show that the extracellular domains of two deafness-associated cadherins, cadherin 23 (CDH23) and protocadherin 15 (PCDH15), interact in trans to form the upper and lower part of each tip link, respectively. High-speed Ca2+ imaging suggests that MET channels are localized exclusively at the lower end of each tip link. Biochemical and genetic studies provide evidence that defects in tip links cause hearing impairment in humans. Summary The identification of the proteins that form tip links have shed new light on the molecular basis of MET and the mechanisms causing hereditary deafness, noise-induced hearing loss and presbycusis.
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