Glaucoma therapy and ocular surface disease: current literature and recommendations

Purpose of review To provide an update on clinical and experimental literature for ocular surface effects of glaucoma therapy and to provide practical guidelines for ophthalmologists treating glaucoma patients with ocular surface disease (OSD). Recent findings Preservatives, notably benzalkonium chloride (BAK), continue to contribute to OSD and demonstrate a variety of toxic ocular effects both in-vitro, and in animal/human studies. Recent literature frequently compares BAK with Polyquad, SofZia, and preservative-free therapies. Some clinical benefit has been demonstrated with newer BAK-free alternatives. Summary BAK-free and preservative-free therapies are becoming available but are not always a feasible alternative. It is important to recognize different clinical manifestations of allergy and chronic inflammation and to discuss options for patients experiencing OSD.