Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 29, Issue -, Pages 39-47Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.05.002
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Funding
- [NSF-IOS-1120950]
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1120950] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The evolution of behavior seems inconsistent with the deep homology of neuromodulatory signaling. G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) evolved slowly from a common ancestor through a process involving gene duplication, neofunctionalization, and loss. Neuropeptides co-evolved with their receptors and exhibit many conserved functions. Furthermore, brain areas are highly conserved with suggestions of deep anatomical homology between arthropods and vertebrates. Yet, behavior evolved more rapidly; even members of the same genus or species can differ in heritable behavior. The solution to the paradox involves changes in the compartmentalization, or subfunctionalization, of neuromodulation; neurons shift their expression of GPCRs and the content of monoamines and neuropeptides. Furthermore, parallel evolution of neuromodulatory signaling systems suggests a route for repeated evolution of similar behaviors.
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