Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN NEPHROLOGY AND HYPERTENSION
Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 189-196Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e32832a1d5f
Keywords
autoimmunity; endogenous agonists; inflammation; innate immunity; sterile injury; Toll-like receptors
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI062859] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Purpose of review The innate immune system is our first line of defense against infection and injury, and responsible for initiating inflammatory and immune responses to resolve infections and repair injured tissues. This review focuses on the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate, immune system and their role in recognizing infection and injury, and regulating inflammatory responses in the kidney. Recent findings There is increasing data to support a role for TLRs in immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. TLR7 has emerged as a key regulator of autoantibody production in murine lupus nephritis. In addition, studies have implicated TLR recognition of endogenous molecules released during cellular necrosis as critical regulators of sterile inflammation and injury. Tonic interactions between Till and environmental agonists derived from commensal microbes and endogenous sources may also influence autoimmune disease and inflammatory disorders affecting the kidney. Conclusion Future studies to decipher the contribution of TLRs and other innate immune receptors in the regulation of inflammation, immune responses, and injury in the kidney will pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions.
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