Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages 732-738Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.08.006
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Funding
- Research Council of Norway
- European Research Council
- South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
- National Institutes of Health [R01 DK-67180]
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Posttranslational modification (PTM) of antigen is a way to break T-cell tolerance to self-antigens and promote autoimmunity. However, the precise mechanisms by which modifications would facilitate autoimmune T-cell responses and how they relate to particular autoimmune-associated MHC molecules remain elusive. Celiac disease is a T-cell mediated enteropathy with a strong HLA association where the immune response is directed mainly against deamidated cereal gluten peptides that have been modified by the enzyme transglutaminase 2. The disease is further characterized by autoantibodies to transglutaminase 2 that have extraordinary high disease specificity and sensitivity. There have been important advances in the knowledge of celiac disease pathogenesis, and these insights may be applicable to other autoimmune disorders where PTM plays a role. This insight gives clues for understanding the involvement of PTMs in other autoimmune diseases.
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