Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 20, Issue 3, Pages 295-301Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.02.004
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Funding
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [Z01HL005401, Z01HL005408] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 HL005401-16, Z99 HL999999] Funding Source: Medline
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IL-21 is a type I cytokine that like IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 shares the common cytokine receptor gamma chain, gamma(c). IL-21 is produced by activated CD4(+) T cells, NKT cells, and Th17 cells and has pleiotropic actions on a range of lymphoid lineages. IL-21 regulates immunoglobulin production and drives B cell terminal differentiation into plasma cells, cooperatively expands CD8(+) T cells and drives Th17 differentiation, has inhibitory effects on antigen presentation by dendritic cells, and can be pro-apoptotic for B and NK cells. Moreover, IL-21 has potent anti-tumor effects and is implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases. Regulating IL-21 actions in vivo therefore has clinical potential for a range of diseases and is an area of active investigation.
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