Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT
Volume 19, Issue 6, Pages 541-549Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2009.09.006
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Funding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- Nation Institute of Health
- California Institute of Regenerative Medicine
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Transcriptional regulation of human genes depends not only on promoters and nearby cis-regulatory elements, but also on distal regulatory elements such as enhancers, insulators, locus control regions, and silencing elements, which are often located far away from the genes they control. Our knowledge of human distal regulatory elements is very limited, but the last several years have seen rapid progress in the development of strategies to identify these long-range regulatory sequences throughout the human genome. Here, we review these advances, focusing on two important classes of distal regulatory sequences - enhancers and insulators.
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