Hepatitis E virus infection

Purpose of review The spectrum of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has changed over the past 2 years, especially in the developed world. Herein, we review the progress made in studying the epidemiology, hepatic, and extrahepatic manifestations, and the treatment of HEV infection, over the past 2 years. Recent findings HEV infection is an underdiagnosed disease because of the use of low-sensitivity serological assays. In addition to the four known genotypes, other new genotypes have also been recently described. HEV infection is not only a self-limiting disease but it can also evolve to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in organ transplant patients, hematological patients receiving chemotherapy, and HIV patients. HEV can also cause extrahepatic manifestations, such as neurological symptoms, kidney injury, and hematological disorders. Pegylated interferon and ribavirin have been found to effectively treat HEV infection. Summary HEV is a worldwide disease that can cause hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations.