Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 29, Issue 6, Pages 581-587Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e328365d339
Keywords
cytokines; inflammatory bowel disease; innate lymphoid cells; intestine; mucosal immunity
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Funding
- NIH [R01 DE021255-01, U01 AI095542-01]
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Purpose of reviewTo highlight the functions of a recently discovered group of immune cells known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) during homeostasis and infections of the gastrointestinal tract.Recent findingsILCs are lymphocytes that lack specific antigen receptors. They are found in the mucosae and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, where they promptly initiate cytokine responses to pathogens upon initial exposure. ILCs have been classified into distinct groups based on their cytokine secretion: ILC1 produce IFN-, ILC2 secrete IL-5 and IL-13, and ILC3 produce IL-22 and IL-17. Recent studies have discovered the heterogeneity of ILC1 and ILC3 in the gastrointestinal tract. ILC1 subsets may contribute to the inflammatory bowel disease. ILC3 subsets may be beneficial in the defense against gastrointestinal infections, but their sustained activation may lead to cancer.SummaryILCs may provide a target for new avenues of therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancer.
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