Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 24, Issue 6, Pages 733-741Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e328311f26e
Keywords
Crohn's disease; inflammatory bowel disease; mucosal immunology; regulatory T cells; ulcerative colitis
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Funding
- NIH [T32 DK007191, HL059561, Al50950]
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Purpose of review The intestinal immune system must orchestrate a complex balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses to luminal antigens, and disruptions in this balance can result in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review explores recent data that elucidate the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pathogenesis of IBD in mice and humans. Recent findings Data from murine models of colitis implicate several novel mechanisms critical to Treg function and generation including the inhibitory cytokine interleukin-35, pericellular adenosine generation and cytokine deprivation-induced apoptosis. Although Tregs are essential in mice for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, their role in human IBD remains unclear. Patients with IBD appear to have relatively reduced numbers of Tregs in the blood and colon; however, Tregs from these patients are functional in vitro. Summary Tregs are important for the maintenance of intestinal self-tolerance and will likely prove to be an important avenue for therapeutic manipulation in IBD.
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