Nano-emulsions:: New applications and optimization of their preparation

Nano-emulsions, as non-equilibrium systems, present characteristics and properties which depend not only on composition but also on the preparation method. Although interest in nano-emulsions was developed since about 20 years ago, mainly for nanoparticle preparation, it is in the last years that direct applications of nano-emulsions in consumer products are being developed, mainly in pharmacy and cosmetics. These recent applications have made that studies on optimization methods for nano-emulsion preparation be a requirement. This review is focused on the most recent literature on developments of nano-emulsions as final application products and on the optimization of their preparation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.