Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
Volume 15, Issue 4, Pages 357-361Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328354727e
Keywords
diabetes; fructose; hypertriglyceridemia; insulin resistance; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; obesity; sugar
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Funding
- NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000448] Funding Source: Medline
- NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024992, RR024992] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK056341, DK56341] Funding Source: Medline
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Purpose of review The assumption that fructose may be toxic and involved in the pathogenesis of noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and even cancer has resulted in the call for public health action, such as introducing taxes on sweetened beverages. This review evaluates the scientific basis for such action. Recent findings Although some studies hint towards some potential adverse effects of excessive fructose consumption especially when combined with excess energy intake, the results from clinical trials do not support a significant detrimental effect of fructose on metabolic health when consumed as part of a weight-maintaining diet in amounts consistent with the average-estimated fructose consumption in Western countries. However, definitive studies are missing. Summary Public health policies to eliminate or limit fructose in the diet should be considered premature. Instead, efforts should be made to promote a healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity and nutritious foods while avoiding intake of excess calories until solid evidence to support action against fructose is available. Public health is almost certainly to benefit more from policies that are aimed at promoting what is known to be good than from policies that are prohibiting what is not (yet) known to be bad.
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