Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN CARDIOLOGY
Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 63-71Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32835b0a41
Keywords
Brugada syndrome; genetics; ion channels; long QT syndrome; sudden death
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01-HD42569]
- Fondation Leducq Award for the 'Alliance for Calmodulin Kinase Signaling in Heart Disease'
- Windland Smith Rice Sudden Comprehensive Sudden Cardiac Death Program
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Kirchstein NRSA Individual Predoctoral MD/PhD Fellowship [F30-HL106993]
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Purpose of review In this review, we summarize the basic principles governing rare variant interpretation in the heritable cardiac arrhythmia syndromes, focusing on recent advances that have led to disease-specific approaches to the interpretation of positive genetic testing results. Recent findings Elucidation of the genetic substrates underlying heritable cardiac arrhythmia syndromes has unearthed new arrhythmogenic mechanisms and given rise to a number of clinically meaningful genotype-phenotype correlations. As such, genetic testing for these disorders now carries important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Recent large-scale systematic studies designed to explore the background genetic 'noise' rate associated with these genetic tests have provided important insights and enhanced how positive genetic testing results are interpreted for these potentially lethal, yet highly treatable, cardiovascular disorders. Summary Clinically available genetic tests for heritable cardiac arrhythmia syndromes allow the identification of potentially at-risk family members and contribute to the risk-stratification and selection of therapeutic interventions in affected individuals. The systematic evaluation of the 'signal-to-noise' ratio associated with these genetic tests has proven critical and essential to assessing the probability that a given variant represents a rare pathogenic mutation or an equally rare, yet innocuous, genetic bystander.
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